گیاه نرگس از خانواده نرگسیان (Amaryllidaceae ) و تیره Narcissus می‌‌باشد.

نرگس گیاهی دائمی و پیازدار می‌‌باشد. پیازهای آن درشت و دارای ورقه‌های فلسی یا مطبق است. به عبارت دیگر پیاز آن می‌تواند چندین سال متوالی گل دهد و گل آن همه ساله درشت تر گردد. گلهای نرگس به رنگ سفید، زرد، نارنجی، کم پر و پُر پر هستند. برگهای این گیاه از بن ریشه بصورت صاف یا شیاردار بیرون می‌‌آیند و در طول ساقه قرار میگیرند.نرگس‌ها به اندازه‌های مختلف یافت می‌شوند از گلهای 5 اینچی روی ساقه‌های 2 فوتی گرفته تا گلهای 5/0 اینچی روی ساقه 2 اینچی.

نرگس‌ها شاید آسانترین و مطمئن‌ترین پرورش از میان خانواده تمام گلها هستند و برای افراد مبتدی در باغبانی ایده‌ آل است. پیاز و برگها حاوی کریستالهای سمی هستند که فقط حشرات اصلی می‌توانند بدون آسیب رساندن به آن از آن مصرف کنند هر چند ممکن است جانوران آنها را از زیر خاک بیرون بیاورند.

 رده بندی انواع نرگس

رده بندی یک گونه کشت شده (قابل کشت) نرگس بر پایه توصیف و سنجش یا از یک رده بندی ارائه شده توسط فردی که گونه‌ها را به ثبت می‌رساند، پایه‌ گذاری شده است.

کد رنگ‌های استفاده شده برای توصیف رنگ نرگس‌ها به قرار زیر است:

W- سفید (سفید گونه) G- سبز Y- زرد P – صورتی O- نارنجی R- قرمز

در توصیف گل نرگس هر نرگس را به دو بخش تقسیم می‌کنیم

• گلبرگ‌ ها
• تاج گل

 رویشگاههای طبيعی در ايران

در برخی نواحی ايران گياه نرگس به صورت خودرو وجود دارد که از آنجمله میتوان به مناطقی در استان فارس نظیر کازرون و منطقه گله دار در شمال استان بوشهر و جنوب استان فارس اشاره نمود

مهمترين رويشگاه نرگس در ايران شهرستان بهبهان است كه در سال 92 ميلادي به عنوان بهترين نرگس دنيا شناخته شده است. همچنين درشهرستان شيراز نيز نرگس مي رويد.

 

 

Narcissus is the botanic name for a genus of mainly hardy, mostly spring-flowering, bulbs in the Amaryllis family native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia. There are also several Narcissus species that bloom in the autumn. Though Hortus Third ^[1] cites 26 wild species, Daffodils for North American Gardens^[2] cites between 50 and 100 excluding species variants and wild hybrids. Through taxonomic and genetic research, it is speculated that over time this number will likely continue to be refined.^[3] Daffodil is a common English name, sometimes used now for all varieties, and is the chief common name of horticultural prevalence used by the American Daffodil Society.^[4] The range of forms in cultivation has been heavily modified and extended, with new variations available from specialists almost every year.

 Etymology & Morphology

There are two derivations of the name. One is that of the youth of Greek mythology called Narcissus, who, in at least one of many variations of the tale, became so obsessed with his own reflection as he kneeled and gazed into a pool of water that he fell into the water and drowned. In some variations, he died of starvation and thirst from just sitting by the edge of the pool until he gave out, gazing at his reflection until he died. In both versions, the Narcissus plant first sprang from where he died. The other derivation is that the plant is named after its narcotic properties (narkoa, to numb in Greek). [3]

There are several plurals in common use: "Narcissuses", "Narcissi", and "Narcissus". This last is common in American English but is very rare in British usage. The American Webster's Third New International Dictionary gives plurals in the order "Narcissus", "Narcissuses", and "Narcissi", but the British Compact Oxford English Dictionary lists just "Narcissi" and "Narcissuses".

The name Daffodil is derived from an earlier "Affodell", a variant of Asphodel. The reason for the introduction of the initial "d" is not known, although a probable source is an etymological merging from the Dutch article "de," as in "De affodil." From at least the sixteenth century "Daffadown Dilly", "daffadown dilly", and "daffydowndilly" have appeared as playful synonyms of the name.

The name jonquil is sometimes used in North America, particularly in the southeastern United States, but strictly speaking that name belongs only to the rush-leaved Narcissus jonquilla and cultivars derived from it. In the southern United States, narcissus are sometimes referred to as buttercups.^{[citation needed]}

Flowers of the tazetta-group species Narcissus papyraceus are commonly called paperwhites.

 Description

All Narcissus species have a central trumpet-, bowl-, or disc-shaped corona surrounded by a ring of six floral leaves called the perianth which is united into a tube at the forward edge of the 3-locular ovary. The seeds are black, round and swollen with hard coat. The three outer segments are sepals, and the three inner segments are petals. Though the traditional daffodil of folklore, poetry, and field may have a yellow to golden-yellow color all over, both in the wild species and due to breeding, the perianth and corona may be variously colored. Breeders have developed some daffodils with double, triple, or ambiguously multiple rows and layers of segments, and several wild species also have known double variants.

Toxicity

All Narcissus varieties contain the alkaloid poison lycorine, mostly in the bulb but also

نوشته شده در 87/07/04ساعت توسط مهدی کریمی| |